Covalent radii (molecular single bond)

This gives single-bond covalent radii using specific group valencies and oxidation numbers.

Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for covalent radii (molecular single bond) in a periodic table heatscape style.

Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for covalent radii (molecular single bond) in a spiral periodic table heatscape style.

Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for covalent radii (molecular single bond) in a 3D spiral periodic table column style.

Image showing periodicity of the chemical elements for covalent radii (molecular single bond) in a 3D periodic table column style.

Units

Notes

This is a self-consistent system of additive covalent radii, R(AB)=r(A) + r(B), is set up for the entire periodic table, Groups 1⁺18, Z = 1⁺118. The primary bond lengths, R, are taken from experimental or theoretical data corresponding to chosen group valencies. All elements and all admitted data points are treated as equal. Radii were then obtained self-consistently through a least-squares fit. Specific molecular coordination numbers and oxidation states are chosen for each element involved.

Select from the following links to see visual periodicity representations for atomic radii, covalent radii, and van der Waals radii. Ionic radii are also available.

Literature sources

P. Pyykkö and M. Atsumi, Molecular Single-Bond Covalent Radii for Elements 1�118, Chem. Eur. J., 2009, 15, 186-197.

Explore the element of your choice through this periodic table.
1	2		3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1 H			2 He
3 Li	4 Be		5 B	6 C	7 N	8 O	9 F	10 Ne
11 Na	12 Mg		13 Al	14 Si	15 P	16 S	17 Cl	18 Ar
19 K	20 Ca		21 Sc	22 Ti	23 V	24 Cr	25 Mn	26 Fe	27 Co	28 Ni	29 Cu	30 Zn	31 Ga	32 Ge	33 As	34 Se	35 Br	36 Kr
37 Rb	38 Sr		39 Y	40 Zr	41 Nb	42 Mo	43 Tc	44 Ru	45 Rh	46 Pd	47 Ag	48 Cd	49 In	50 Sn	51 Sb	52 Te	53 I	54 Xe
55 Cs	56 Ba	*	71 Lu	72 Hf	73 Ta	74 W	75 Re	76 Os	77 Ir	78 Pt	79 Au	80 Hg	81 Tl	82 Pb	83 Bi	84 Po	85 At	86 Rn
87 Fr	88 Ra	**	103 Lr	104 Rf	105 Db	106 Sg	107 Bh	108 Hs	109 Mt	110 Ds	111 Rg	112 Cn	113 Nh	114 Fl	115 Mc	116 Lv	117 Ts	118 Og

*Lanthanoids	*	57 La	58 Ce	59 Pr	60 Nd	61 Pm	62 Sm	63 Eu	64 Gd	65 Tb	66 Dy	67 Ho	68 Er	69 Tm	70 Yb
**Actinoids	**	89 Ac	90 Th	91 Pa	92 U	93 Np	94 Pu	95 Am	96 Cm	97 Bk	98 Cf	99 Es	100 Fm	101 Md	102 No

Explore the element of your choice through this periodic table.

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

*Lanthanoids

**Actinoids

100

101

102