Electron binding energies (N-VI)

The binding energies are quoted relative to the vacuum level for rare gases and H2, N2, O2, F2, and Cl2 molecules; relative to the Fermi level for metals; and relative to the top of the valence band for semiconductors.

Image showing periodicity of electron binding energies (N-VI) for group 16 chemical elements.
Image showing periodicity of electron binding energies (N-VI) for group 16 chemical elements.

Units

eV

Notes

I am grateful to Gwyn Williams (then Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA) who provided the electron binding energy data. The data are adapted from references 1-3. They are tabulated elsewhere on the WWW (reference 4) and in paper form (reference 5).

For access to other electron binding energies, select from:

Literature sources

  1. J. A. Bearden and A. F. Burr, "Reevaluation of X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels," Rev. Mod. Phys., 1967, 39, 125.
  2. M. Cardona and L. Ley, Eds., Photoemission in Solids I: General Principles (Springer-Verlag, Berlin) with additional corrections, 1978.
  3. J. C. Fuggle and N. Mårtensson, "Core-Level Binding Energies in Metals," J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 21, 275.
  4. Gwyn Williams (then Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA)
  5. D.R. Lide, (ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
Explore the element of your choice through this periodic table.
1 2   3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
S
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
*
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
**
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
 
*Lanthanoids *
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
**Actinoids **
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102