โ–ธโ–ธ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง Radon
  • ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ฆ ะ ะฐะดะพะฝ
  • ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ ๆฐก
  • ๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Radon
  • ๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท Radon
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช Radon
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ ืจื“ื•ืŸ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น Radon (emanio)
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต ใƒฉใƒ‰ใƒณ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡น Radão
  • ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ธ Radón
  • ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ช Radon
  • ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บ ะ ะฐะดะพะฝ

Radon - 86Rn: properties of free atoms

Radon atoms have 86 electrons and the shell structure is  2.8.18.32.18.8.

The ground state electron configuration of ground state gaseous neutral radon is  [Xe].4f14.5d10.6s2.6p6 and the term symbol is  1S0.

Kossel shell structure of radon
Schematic electronic configuration of radon.
Kossel shell structure of radon
The Kossel shell structure of radon.

Atomic spectrum

 

A representation of the atomic spectrum of radon.

Ionisation Energies and electron affinity

The electron affinity of radon is < 0 0 kJ mol‑1. The ionisation energies of radon are given below.

Ionisation energies of radon
Ionisation energy number Enthalpy / kJ mol‑1
1st1037.07
2nd2060
3rd2840
4th3560
5th5100
6th6180
7th8490
8th9840
9th14900
10th16800
11th18800
12th21000 (calculated)
13th23200
14th25500
15th28300
16th30600
17th33000
18th35400
19th47100
20th50200
21st53100
Ionisation energies of radon
Ionisation energies of radon.

Effective Nuclear Charges

The following are "Clementi-Raimondi" effective nuclear charges, Zeff. Follow the hyperlinks for more details and for graphs in various formats.

Effective nuclear charges for radon
1s84.33  
2s63.41 2p81.44  
3s61.09 3p62.28 3d72.60  
4s50.15 4p49.30 4d47.94 4f48.33
5s33.89 5p31.97 5d27.35  
6s18.32 6p16.08  
7s   

References

These effective nuclear charges, Zeff, are adapted from the following references:

  1. E. Clementi and D.L.Raimondi, J. Chem. Phys. 1963, 38, 2686.
  2. E. Clementi, D.L.Raimondi, and W.P. Reinhardt, J. Chem. Phys. 1967, 47, 1300.

Electron binding energies

Electron binding energies for radon. All values of electron binding energies are given in eV. The binding energies are quoted relative to the vacuum level for rare gases and H2, N2, O2, F2, and Cl2 molecules; relative to the Fermi level for metals; and relative to the top of the valence band for semiconductors.
Label Orbital eV [literature reference]
K 1s98404 [1]
L I2s18049 [1]
L II2p1/217337 [1]
L III2p3/214619 [1]
M I3s4482 [1]
M II3p1/24159 [1]
M III3p3/23538 [1]
M IV3d3/23022 [1]
M V3d5/22892 [1]
N I4s1097 [2]
N II4p1/2929 [2]
N III4p3/2768 [2]
N IV4d3/2567 [2]
N V4d5/2541 [2]
N VI4f5/2238 [2]
N VII4f7/2238 [2]
O I5s214 [2]
O II5p1/2164 [2]
O III5p3/2127 [2]
O IV5d3/248 [2]
O V5d5/248 [2]
P I6s26 [1]

Notes

I am grateful to Gwyn Williams (Jefferson Laboratory, Virginia, USA) who provided the electron binding energy data. The data are adapted from references 1-3. They are tabulated elsewhere on the WWW (reference 4) and in paper form (reference 5).

References

  1. J. A. Bearden and A. F. Burr, "Reevaluation of X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels," Rev. Mod. Phys., 1967, 39, 125.
  2. M. Cardona and L. Ley, Eds., Photoemission in Solids I: General Principles (Springer-Verlag, Berlin) with additional corrections, 1978.
  3. Gwyn Williams WWW table of values
  4. D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 81st edition, 2000.
  5. J. C. Fuggle and N. Mårtensson, "Core-Level Binding Energies in Metals," J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 21, 275.