Lutetium - 71Lu: properties of free atoms
Lutetium atoms have 71 electrons and the shell structure is 2.8.18.32.9.2.
The ground state electron configuration of ground state gaseous neutral lutetium is [Xe].4f14.5d1.6s2 and the term symbol is 2D3/2.
Atomic spectrum
A representation of the atomic spectrum of lutetium.
Ionisation Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of lutetium is < 33 0.34(1) eV kJ mol‑1. The ionisation energies of lutetium are given below.
Effective Nuclear Charges
The following are "Clementi-Raimondi" effective nuclear charges, Zeff. Follow the hyperlinks for more details and for graphs in various formats.
1s | 69.62 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2s | 52.45 | 2p | 66.61 | ||||
3s | 49.53 | 3p | 50.17 | 3d | 57.42 | ||
4s | 38.27 | 4p | 37.19 | 4d | 35.29 | 4f | 30.93 |
5s | 20.96 | 5p | 18.68 | 5d | 20.11 | ||
6s | 8.80 | 6p | (no data) | ||||
7s |
References
These effective nuclear charges, Zeff, are adapted from the following references:
- E. Clementi and D.L.Raimondi, J. Chem. Phys. 1963, 38, 2686.
- E. Clementi, D.L.Raimondi, and W.P. Reinhardt, J. Chem. Phys. 1967, 47, 1300.
Electron binding energies
Label | Orbital | eV [literature reference] |
---|---|---|
K | 1s | 63314 [1] |
L I | 2s | 10870 [1] |
L II | 2p1/2 | 10349 [1] |
L III | 2p3/2 | 9244 [1] |
M I | 3s | 2491 [1] |
M II | 3p1/2 | 2264 [1] |
M III | 3p3/2 | 2024 [1] |
M IV | 3d3/2 | 1639 [1] |
M V | 3d5/2 | 1589 [1] |
N I | 4s | 506.8 [2] |
N II | 4p1/2 | 412.4 [2] |
N III | 4p3/2 | 359.2 [2] |
N IV | 4d3/2 | 206.1 [2] |
N V | 4d5/2 | 196.3 [2] |
N VI | 4f5/2 | 8.9 [2] |
N VII | 4f7/2 | 7.5 [2] |
O I | 5s | 57.3 [2] |
O II | 5p1/2 | 33.6 [2] |
O III | 5p3/2 | 26.7 [2] |
Notes
I am grateful to Gwyn Williams (Jefferson Laboratory, Virginia, USA) who provided the electron binding energy data. The data are adapted from references 1-3. They are tabulated elsewhere on the WWW (reference 4) and in paper form (reference 5).
References
- J. A. Bearden and A. F. Burr, "Reevaluation of X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels," Rev. Mod. Phys., 1967, 39, 125.
- M. Cardona and L. Ley, Eds., Photoemission in Solids I: General Principles (Springer-Verlag, Berlin) with additional corrections, 1978.
- Gwyn Williams WWW table of values
- D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 81st edition, 2000.
- J. C. Fuggle and N. Mårtensson, "Core-Level Binding Energies in Metals," J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 21, 275.