Ionization energy: 12th

The 12th ionization energy of the element M is a measure of the energy required to remove one electron from one mole of the gaseous ion M11+

Image showing periodicity of ionization energy: 12th for group 1 chemical elements.
Image showing periodicity of ionization energy: 12th for group 1 chemical elements.

Units

kJ mol-1

Notes

None

For access to other ionisation enrgies, select from:

Literature sources

  1. J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.
  2. D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
  3. J.A. Dean (ed) in Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 14th edition, 1992.
  4. A. Kramida, Yu. Ralchenko, J. Reader, and NIST ASD Team (2018). NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.5.6), [Online]. Available: https://physics.nist.gov/asd [Accessed 10 March 2018]. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.
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S
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*
71
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**
103
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*Lanthanoids *
57
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70
**Actinoids **
89
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102