Atomic orbitals: 7h electron "dot-density"

This page shows representations of electron density in two ways. The first is two-dimensional electron "dot-density" diagrams - plots across an appropriate plane of each 7h orbital. These were created using a Monte Carlo computational method. The second page allows you interact (zoom, rotate) with three-dimensional electron "dot-density" models representing electron density of the various 7h atomic orbitals created by the same Monte Carlo computational method. Turquoise (cyan) represents regions for which the wave functions are positive and white represents where values are negative.

7hz5 electron "dot-density"

The 7hz5 orbital name is an abbreviation for 5hz(63z4 - 70z2r2 + 15r4).

The first image shows a two-dimensional electron dot-density plot of the 7hz5 (z-axis is vertical). The second image is an interactive (see below for instructions) represention of electron density in three-dimensions for the same orbitals.
Electron dot-density plot of the 7h_zzzzz orbital.

7hyz4 and 7hxz4 electron "dot-density"

The 7hyz4 orbital name is an abbreviation for 7hy(21z4–14z2r2+r4). The 7hxz4 orbital name is an abbreviation for 7hx(21z4–14z2r2+r4). These two orbitals are related to each other by a 90° rotation about the z-axis.

The first image shows a two-dimensional plot representing electron density of the 7hyz4 orbital (across the x=0 plane) and 7hxz4 orbital (across the y=0 plane). The second image is an interactive (see below for instructions) represention of electron density in three-dimensions for the same orbitals.
Electron dot-density plot of the 7h_xzzz orbital.

7hz3xy, 7hz3(x2y2) electron "dot-density"

The 7hz3xy orbital is an abbreviation for 7h(2xy)(3z3zr2). The 7hz3(x2y2) orbital is an abbreviation for 7h(x2y3)(3z3zr2). These two orbitals are related to each other by a 45° rotation about the z-axis.

The first image shows a two-dimensional electron dot-density plot of the 7hz3xy across the y=0 plane. The electron density plot of the 7hz3(x2y2) orbital is identical in appearance but plotted through the x=y plane. The second image is an interactive (see below for instructions) represention of electron density in three-dimensions for the same orbitals.
Electron dot-density plot of the 7h_xyz orbital.

7hz2y3 and 7hz2x3 electron "dot-density"

The 7hz2y3 is an abbreviation for 7hy(3x2y2)(9z2r2). The 7hz2x3 orbital is an abbreviation for 7hx(x2–3y2)(9z2r2). These two orbitals are related to each other by a 30° rotation about the z-axis.

The first image shows a two-dimensional electron dot-density plot of the 7hz2y3 orbital (across the x=0 plane. The 7hz2x3 electron density plot is identical when plotted across the y=0 plane. The second image is an interactive (see below for instructions) represention of electron density in three-dimensions for the same orbitals.
Electron dot-density plot of the 7h_xxx_3xyy orbital.

7hz(4x3y–4xy3) and 7hz(x4–6x2y2+y4) electron "dot-density"

The 7hz(4x3y–4xy3) and 7hz(x4–6x2y2+y4) orbital are related to each other by a 22.5° rotation about the z-axis.

The first image shows a two-dimensional electron dot-density plot of the 7h(x4+y4) orbital across the z=0 plane). The corresponding plot for the 7hxy(x2-y2) orbital is similar but rotated by 22.5° in the plane of your screen. The second image is an interactive (see below for instructions) represention of electron density in three-dimensions for the same orbitals.
Electron dot-density plot of the 7h_xxx_3xyy orbital.

7hyx4, and 7hxy4 electron "dot-density"

The 7hyx4 is an abbreviation for 7hy(5x4–10y2x2+y4) and 7hxy4 is an abbreviation for 7hx(x4–10y2x2+5y4). They are related to each other by a 18° rotation about the z-axis.

The first image shows a two-dimensional electron dot-density plot of the 7hyx4 orbital (across the z=0 plane. The 7hxy4 electron density plot is identical but rotated by a 18° rotation about the z-axis. The second image is an interactive (see below for instructions) represention of electron density in three-dimensions for the same orbitals.
Electron dot-density plot of the 7h_xxx_3xyy orbital.

Using JSmol

You can use your mouse to manipulate the "orbital" in the "JSmol" image above. How you do this depends upon how you are viewing this page.

  • On a computer, to rotate about the x and y directions, drag mouse around the image
  • On a computer, to rotate about the z direction (which comes out of the screen towards you), hold shift and drag mouse horizontally
  • To zoom, hold shift key down and drag mouse vertically
  • To reset the image, hold down shift key and double click ony part of the image not containing dots
  • On a mobile device experiment using one or two fingers to rotate and zoom

The OrbitronTM, a gallery of orbitals on the WWW: https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/orbitron/
Copyright 2002-2023 Prof. Mark Winter [The University of Sheffield]. All rights reserved.