Atomic orbitals: 7h electron "dot-density"
This page shows representations of electron density in two ways. The first is two-dimensional electron "dot-density" diagrams - plots across an appropriate plane of each 7h orbital. These were created using a Monte Carlo computational method. The second page allows you interact (zoom, rotate) with three-dimensional electron "dot-density" models representing electron density of the various 7h atomic orbitals created by the same Monte Carlo computational method. Turquoise (cyan) represents regions for which the wave functions are positive and white represents where values are negative.
7hz5 electron "dot-density"
The 7hz5 orbital name is an abbreviation for 5hz(63z4 - 70z2r2 + 15r4).
7hyz4 and 7hxz4 electron "dot-density"
The 7hyz4 orbital name is an abbreviation for 7hy(21z4–14z2r2+r4). The 7hxz4 orbital name is an abbreviation for 7hx(21z4–14z2r2+r4). These two orbitals are related to each other by a 90° rotation about the z-axis.
7hz3xy, 7hz3(x2–y2) electron "dot-density"
The 7hz3xy orbital is an abbreviation for 7h(2xy)(3z3–zr2). The 7hz3(x2–y2) orbital is an abbreviation for 7h(x2–y3)(3z3–zr2). These two orbitals are related to each other by a 45° rotation about the z-axis.
7hz2y3 and 7hz2x3 electron "dot-density"
The 7hz2y3 is an abbreviation for 7hy(3x2–y2)(9z2–r2). The 7hz2x3 orbital is an abbreviation for 7hx(x2–3y2)(9z2–r2). These two orbitals are related to each other by a 30° rotation about the z-axis.
7hz(4x3y–4xy3) and 7hz(x4–6x2y2+y4) electron "dot-density"
The 7hz(4x3y–4xy3) and 7hz(x4–6x2y2+y4) orbital are related to each other by a 22.5° rotation about the z-axis.
7hyx4, and 7hxy4 electron "dot-density"
The 7hyx4 is an abbreviation for 7hy(5x4–10y2x2+y4) and 7hxy4 is an abbreviation for 7hx(x4–10y2x2+5y4). They are related to each other by a 18° rotation about the z-axis.
Using JSmol
You can use your mouse to manipulate the "orbital" in the "JSmol" image above. How you do this depends upon how you are viewing this page.
- On a computer, to rotate about the x and y directions, drag mouse around the image
- On a computer, to rotate about the z direction (which comes out of the screen towards you), hold shift and drag mouse horizontally
- To zoom, hold shift key down and drag mouse vertically
- To reset the image, hold down shift key and double click ony part of the image not containing dots
- On a mobile device experiment using one or two fingers to rotate and zoom
The OrbitronTM, a gallery of orbitals on the WWW: https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/orbitron/
Copyright 2002-2023 Prof. Mark Winter [The University of Sheffield]. All rights reserved.