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| Atomic orbitals |
| Level 1 1s |
| Level 2 2s 2p |
| Level 3 3s 3p 3d |
| Level 4 4s 4p 4d 4f |
| Level 5 5s 5p 5d 5f 5g |
| Level 6 6s 6p 6d 6f 6g |
| Level 7 7s 7p 7d 7f 7g |
| Hybrid orbitals |
| 2s+2p hybrids sp sp2 sp3 |
| 3s+3p+3d hybrids dsp3 d2sp3 |
| Molecular orbitals |
| H2, dihydrogen σ* σ |
| N2, dinitrogen σp* πx* πy* σp πx πy σs* σs |
| Introduction | Wave function | Electron density | Dots! | Equations |
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Atomic hybrid orbitals: dsp3
dsp3 Hybrids. The five images show the five dsp3 hybrids. These particular dsp3 hybrids are combinations of a 3d, the 3s, and three 3p functions. Note that in each case, the nucleus is embedded in a minor lobe. The five orbitals are "exploded" apart for clarity and the yellow dot represents the nucleus.
There are five dsp3 hybrid orbitals. They are not all equivalent. The top and bottom hybrids (the "axial" sites of a trigonal bipyramid) are distinct from the three "equatorial" hybrids. Some invoke dsp3 hybrid orbitals in octahedral molecules such as PF5 where the F-S-F angles are 90° and 120°.
| Copyright | Feedback | The images | Acknowledgments | Problems? | References |
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