 |
|---|
| Atomic orbitals |
| Level 1 1s |
| Level 2 2s 2p |
| Level 3 3s 3p 3d |
| Level 4 4s 4p 4d 4f |
| Level 5 5s 5p 5d 5f 5g |
| Level 6 6s 6p 6d 6f 6g |
| Level 7 7s 7p 7d 7f 7g |
| Hybrid orbitals |
| 2s+2p hybrids sp sp2 sp3 |
| 3s+3p+3d hybrids dsp3 d2sp3 |
| Molecular orbitals |
| H2, dihydrogen σ* σ |
| N2, dinitrogen σp* πx* πy* σp πx πy σs* σs |
The Orbitron
Image Production
The images were drawn on a Macintosh running OSX using MacMegaPov 0.7, which is an unofficial compiled version of POV-Ray. In particular, this version includes an isosurface patch by R. Suzuki which is the key to constructing the images portrayed here. POV-Ray (The Persistence of Vision Raytracer) is a high-quality, totally free tool for creating stunning three-dimensional graphics. It is available in official versions for Windows 95/98/NT, DOS, the Macintosh, i86 Linux, SunOS, and Amiga. The source code is available for those wanting to do their own ports. MegaPov (formerly UVPov, SuperPatch, and MultiPatch) is a cooperative work by members of the POV-Ray community with versions for Macintosh, Linux, MS-DOS, and Windows versions available.
Dot-density diagrams
The "dot-density" image files (using the Jmol applet view) were calculated on a Macintosh running OSX using the totally brilliant HyperCard running in classic mode.
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