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| Atomic orbitals |
| Level 1 1s |
| Level 2 2s 2p |
| Level 3 3s 3p 3d |
| Level 4 4s 4p 4d 4f |
| Level 5 5s 5p 5d 5f 5g |
| Level 6 6s 6p 6d 6f 6g |
| Level 7 7s 7p 7d 7f 7g |
| Hybrid orbitals |
| 2s+2p hybrids sp sp2 sp3 |
| 3s+3p+3d hybrids dsp3 d2sp3 |
| Molecular orbitals |
| H2, dihydrogen σ* σ |
| N2, dinitrogen σp* πx* πy* σp πx πy σs* σs |
| Introduction | Wave function | Electron density | Dots! | Equations |
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Atomic orbitals: dsp3 hybrid electron density
Schematic plot of an equatorial dsp3 electron density function. Blue represents negative values for the wave functions and red represents positive values. The yellow dot represents the nucleus.
Schematic plot of an axial dsp3 electron density function. Blue represents negative values for the wave functions and red represents positive values. The yellow dot represents the nucleus.
The "surface" of the orbital represents points for which the electron density for that orbital is the same - an isosurface. By choosing different values of electron density, denoted by the bar moving up and down on the line plot or by the moving plane on the surface plot, then the size of the three-dimensional plot changes.
The plots above represents the three equatorial and two axial dsp3 orbitals. The forms of the other two equatorial hybrids is similar, differing only in orientation. Similarly, the form of the other axial hybrid is similar, differing only in orientation.
All values are of necessity not negative since the square of any real number cannot be less than zero.
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